This article in JPHMP uses CBI data to assess the prevalence of aggregate or “group” reporting. They find that over 40% of hospitals report in the aggregate, and that larger hospitals are more likely to do so.

This article in The Milbank Quarterly combines CBI data with the 2018 AHA Annual Survey to investigate the social care services offered by non-profit and for-profit hospitals, finding that the former offer about 36% more. The researchers also report that hospitals in states with no additional community benefit requirements offer fewer social care services.

This news article uses Lown Institute and CBI data to assess the value of Michigan nonprofit hospitals' tax value against their community benefit spending. They discuss the various categories of community benefit spending and the impact of state regulations on hospitals' actions.

This study aims to determine the extent to which the free-response text in F990H reveals how nonprofit hospitals address health equity and disparities, including alignment with public priorities.

This JPHMP article examines trends in Community-Building Activities (CBAs) in the 2010s, finding that while the number of hospitals reporting CBA spending hovered around 60%, the amount of spending as a proportion of total operating expenditures halved, from 0.04% to 0.02%.

This RTI Press publication authored by CBI team members provides background on the development, maintenance, and use of the CBI tool.

This brief report uses the CBI database to identify nonprofit hospital organizations with acute care facilities in communities with the highest rates of homelessness as it relates to housing as a social determinant of health.

This Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law publication uses CBI data to analyze non-profit hospital spending on charity care in Medicaid expansion states.

A JPHMP publication uses CBI data to identify hospitals and determine how they are addressing their community's priority health needs in the state of Minnesota.

A Health & Social work publication uses CBI data to identify characteristics of hospitals that identify and predict the use of aggressive practices against patients. This publication intends to inform policy that protects patients and holds hospitals accountable.

Medical Care Blog post, authored by a CBI team member Alexa Ortiz, discusses community benefit spending and the need to ensure alignment with community needs.

JPHMP publication uses CBI data to assess how nonprofit hospitals document needs and investments related to housing on their Community Health Needs Assessments.

A BMC Health Services Research study that employs CBI data as a component to investigate the hospital, community, and state regulatory factors and their association with family income eligibility for free/discounted care.

Learn how community benefit expenditure data can be visualized to facilitate public discussion and address community health needs in this Measure of Everyday Life podcast episode.

Impact story that describes how community benefit expenditure requirements have changed over the years and how the Community Benefit Insight tool is working to connect the dots between community benefit expenditures and community health needs.

See how CBI data was used in this JAMA Network Open publication to examines investments in community building among nonprofit hospital organizations in the US.

See how CBI data was used in this JPHMP publication to compare community benefits spending by nonprofit hospitals across Nebraska & several other states in 2012 & 2015